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The cryosphere includes

  • A.the oceans and the lakes only
  • B.the whole of the upper atmosphere above
  • C.the soil and rock of the continents
  • D.sea ice, glaciers, snow and permafrost

Answer: D

Correct answer: sea ice, glaciers, snow and permafrost

The cryosphere is water in its frozen forms, wherever it occurs: sea ice, ice shelves and ice sheets, glaciers, seasonal snow cover, lake and river ice, and frozen ground. It matters out of proportion to its mass because of albedo - fresh snow reflects most of the sunlight falling on it, so losing it is strongly self-reinforcing.

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