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Assertion (A): A polluted cloud is brighter than a clean one holding the same amount of liquid water.
Reason (R): More and smaller droplets present a greater total surface area to scatter sunlight.

  • A.A is true but R is false
  • B.A is false but R is true
  • C.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • D.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Answer: C

Both are true and the reason gives the optics, and this brightening is known as the Twomey or first indirect effect. It represents a cooling influence that partly offsets greenhouse warming. Its magnitude remains among the least certain terms in the energy budget.

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