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The classical charge structure of a thunderstorm is described as

  • A.a tripole with positive above, negative in the middle and a lower positive
  • B.a simple dipole with positive above and negative below only
  • C.a uniformly negative distribution throughout the cloud
  • D.a uniformly positive distribution throughout the cloud

Answer: A

Correct answer: a tripole with positive above, negative in the middle and a lower positive

The classical picture has a main positive charge in the upper cloud, a main negative centre in the middle at around the minus 10 to minus 20 degree level, and a smaller positive pocket near the cloud base. The lower positive charge is small but important, since it helps initiate the negative cloud-to-ground flash by enhancing the field beneath the negative centre. A simple dipole was the earlier and less complete description.

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