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Gravitational separation of charge in a thunderstorm occurs because

  • A.positive charges are inherently much heavier than negative ones
  • B.the electric field lifts one sign of charge preferentially
  • C.the cloud rotates and separates charge centrifugally
  • D.heavy graupel falls while light ice crystals are carried upward

Answer: D

The two particle types acquire opposite charge and are then sorted by their differing fall speeds. Without that differential motion the charge would remain mixed and no field would develop. Separation, not charging alone, is what builds the field.

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