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Assertion (A): Measured fields inside thunderclouds are lower than the conventional breakdown value.
Reason (R): Lightning nonetheless initiates, so some other process must lower the effective threshold.

  • A.A is false but R is true
  • B.Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
  • C.Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  • D.A is true but R is false

Answer: B

Both are true and the reason gives the puzzle, and runaway electron breakdown and local field enhancement on hydrometeors are among the proposals. The initiation problem is not yet fully settled. Balloon and aircraft measurements continue to be made.

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