Discussion
Consider the following statements about modern seeding research.
1. Improved radar and tracer methods address old weaknesses.
2. The fundamental problem of the missing counterfactual persists.
3. Modern methods have removed the need for randomisation.
Answer: D
Correct answer: 1 and 2 only
Statements 1 and 2 are correct: radar, tracers and radiometers have addressed the old complaint that nobody knew whether the agent reached the cloud, while the fundamental difficulty remains - nobody can observe what the same cloud would have done unseeded. Statement 3 inverts the consequence, since it is precisely the missing counterfactual that makes randomisation indispensable.
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