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State whether the following is true or false.
Statistical association alone cannot establish that seeding caused an increase in precipitation.

  • A.False
  • B.True only at large scales
  • C.False only at small scales
  • D.True

Answer: D

Correct answer: True

More rain after seeding may mean the seeding worked, or that the cases seeded were the more promising ones, or simply that it rained. Establishing cause needs randomisation, so that the comparison is between like and like, and a physical mechanism that predicts the result in advance.

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