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Wave setup is

  • A.the fall in water level during an ebb tide
  • B.the offshore movement of beach sediment during a severe storm
  • C.a rise in mean water level shoreward of the breaker line
  • D.the increase in wave height as waves shoal

Answer: C

Momentum flux from breaking waves is balanced by a sloping water surface. It contributes measurably to total water level during storms and is included in modern flood assessments. Setup can add a substantial part of a metre.

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