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Wave setup can raise the still water level at the shore by roughly what fraction of the breaking wave height?

  • A.about one hundredth
  • B.about twice
  • C.about ten times
  • D.about one fifth

Answer: D

Correct answer: about one fifth

Wave setup at the shoreline is typically about 0.2 of the breaking wave height, so a 3 metre breaker raises the still water level by more than half a metre. It arises from the momentum flux of the breaking waves and is a real elevation of the mean level, not an oscillation, which is why it must be added to the tide and surge rather than averaged out of them.

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