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Match each layer of a rubble mound breakwater with its function.
List I
A. Armour layer
B. Underlayer
C. Core
D. Toe berm
List II
1. providing bulk and limiting wave transmission
2. resisting displacement by the incident waves
3. supporting the armour at the base of the slope
4. supporting the armour and retaining the core

  • A.A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
  • B.A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
  • C.A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
  • D.A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

Answer: B

Each layer must retain the one beneath it while remaining permeable enough to dissipate energy. Filter rules govern the permitted size ratios between successive layers. Permeability and retention pull against each other.

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