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Doubling the design wave height increases the required armour unit mass by a factor of approximately

  • A.sixteen
  • B.eight
  • C.two
  • D.four

Answer: B

Correct answer: eight

The Hudson formula makes the required mass proportional to the cube of the wave height, so doubling the height multiplies the mass by \( 2^3 = 8 \). A unit of five tonnes becomes one of forty, which may exceed what a quarry can supply or a crane can place, and is often the point at which concrete units replace rock.

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