Discussion
Scour at the head of a breakwater is generally more severe than along the trunk because
Answer: A
Correct answer: flow accelerates and vortices form around the roundhead
The head is exposed to waves from a much wider range of directions, and it has no neighbouring units on the seaward side to support it. Currents accelerate around it and shed vortices that scour the bed at its foot. All three effects concentrate at the same place, which is why the head is armoured with units one and a half to two times the trunk mass, or on a flatter slope, and why head damage is the commonest form of breakwater failure.
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