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Arrange the construction stages of a rubble mound breakwater in order.
1. placing the primary armour on the underlayer
2. placing the core material from the advancing end
3. casting the crown wall along the finished crest
4. placing the underlayer over the exposed core

  • A.2 - 1 - 4 - 3
  • B.2 - 4 - 1 - 3
  • C.3 - 1 - 4 - 2
  • D.4 - 2 - 1 - 3

Answer: B

Correct answer: 2 - 4 - 1 - 3

The mound is built from the inside outward and from the bottom up. Core material is placed first, usually end-tipped from an advancing haul road; the underlayer follows over the exposed core, protecting it from washout; the primary armour is placed on the underlayer; and the crown wall is cast last, along the finished crest. Placing armour before the underlayer would leave the core to be lost through the voids.

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