Discussion
Assertion (A): Avoiding lock-in is a central concern in coastal adaptation planning.
Reason (R): A large fixed structure forecloses options that may later prove preferable.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason explains the concern. A large fixed defence commits the coast to holding that line: it becomes politically and practically very hard to abandon, it encourages development behind it that raises the value at risk, and it forecloses realignment that may later be the only affordable option. Keeping options open therefore has a value of its own under an uncertain sea level.
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