Discussion
Assertion (A): Measuring the standard and the batch on the same instrument improves reliability.
Reason (R): Systematic errors common to both measurements largely cancel in the difference.
Answer: D
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. Every instrument has small systematic departures in its wavelength scale and photometric response, and those affect the standard and the batch almost identically. Taking the difference cancels most of them, which is why inter-instrument agreement is far better on differences than on absolute values.
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