Discussion
While designing a connecting road, for buckling about X axis :
Answer: C
For buckling about the X axis, both ends are hinged.
A connecting rod swings in the plane of motion of the crank. In that plane, buckling about the X axis, its ends are free to turn on the gudgeon pin and the crank pin, so it behaves as a column with both ends hinged and an equivalent length equal to its actual length.
In the perpendicular plane, buckling about the Y axis, the pins prevent rotation and the ends act as fixed, so the equivalent length is half the actual length. That is why the rod is designed with an I-section whose moment of inertia about X is about four times that about Y. The fixed and mixed end conditions in the other options belong to the Y axis or to neither.
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