Discussion
Injection molding is typically used to make plastic parts. If the pressure at the gate is monitored as a function of time during the injection of a thermoplastic polymer, identify the profile that best describes this event.

Answer: C
The best description is profile P.
During injection the pressure at the gate goes through three stages:
- Filling: as melt flows into the cavity the pressure rises gradually, since the flow length and resistance keep increasing.
- Packing: once the cavity is full the melt is compressed and extra material is packed in to make up for shrinkage, so the pressure climbs steeply to its peak.
- Holding and cooling: the gate freezes, the part cools and shrinks, and the pressure decays back toward zero.
Profile P shows exactly this: a first rise, a sharper rise to a peak, and then decay to zero. Q and R begin with an instant jump that ignores the filling stage, and S levels off without ever decaying, as if the part never cooled.
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