Discussion
Who considered differentiation and integration as two key elements in the process of development ?
Answer: C
It was F.W. Riggs.
Riggs defined development in terms of two processes: differentiation, in which structures become specialised for particular functions, and integration, in which those specialised parts are co-ordinated. His prismatic model describes a society in which differentiation has run ahead of integration, so the two elements are central to his ecological theory of administration.
V.A. Pai Panandikar wrote on Indian development administration and bureaucracy, but the differentiation-integration model is not his. The other names in the options are not associated with this formulation.
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