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A rigid constitution is one which :

  • A.cannot be amended
  • B.can be amended only by a new constituent assembly
  • C.can be amended only by two-thirds majority of the members present and voting
  • D.can be amended by any procedure other than ordinary law making process prescribed by the constitution

Answer: D

A rigid constitution is one that can be amended only by a procedure other than the ordinary law-making process.

The distinction, due to James Bryce, is between flexible constitutions, amended like ordinary laws (as in Britain), and rigid constitutions, which require a special procedure: special majorities, ratification by the units of a federation, or a referendum.

Rigidity does not mean that the constitution cannot be amended at all, or only by a new constituent assembly. A two-thirds majority is one example of a special procedure, but defining rigidity by that one method is too narrow, so option D is the general definition.

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