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Consider the complex function

\[ f(z) = \frac{z^{2}\sin z}{(z - \pi)^{4}} . \]

At \(z = \pi\), which of the following options is(are) CORRECT?

  • A.The order of the pole is 4
  • B.The order of the pole is 3
  • C.The residue at the pole is \(\frac{\pi}{6}\)
  • D.The residue at the pole is \(\frac{2\pi}{3}\)

Answer: B

The correct statement is the order of the pole is 3; it is the only option the key accepts in this multiple-select question.

Put \(w = z - \pi\). Near \(z = \pi\), \(\sin z = -\sin w = -w + \frac{w^{3}}{6} - \ldots\) has a simple zero, which cancels one power of the \((z - \pi)^{4}\) in the denominator, while \(z^{2} \rightarrow \pi^{2} \neq 0\). So

\[ f(z) \approx \frac{-\pi^{2}}{(z - \pi)^{3}} \]

and the pole is of order 3, not 4.

The residue is the coefficient of \(w^{3}\) in \(z^{2}\sin z = (\pi^{2} + 2\pi w + w^{2})(-w + w^{3}/6 - \ldots)\), which is

\[ \text{Res} = \frac{\pi^{2}}{6} - 1 \approx 0.64 \]

so neither \(\pi/6\) nor \(2\pi/3\) is the residue.

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