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Let \(f(z)\) be an entire function, then \(f(z)\) is also bounded if and only if :

  • A.\(f(z)\) is a polynomial function
  • B.\(f(z)\) is the reciprocal of a polynomial function
  • C.\(f(z)\) is a polynomial in \(\sin z\) and \(\cos(z)\)
  • D.\(f(z)\) is a constant

Answer: D

An entire function is bounded if and only if it is a constant.

One direction is trivial: a constant is bounded. The other is Liouville's theorem. If \(|f(z)| \le M\) on C, Cauchy's estimate on a circle of radius R gives \(|f'(z_{0})| \le M/R\) for every R, so \(f' \equiv 0\) and f is constant.

The other options fail. A non-constant polynomial tends to infinity as \(|z| \to \infty\). The reciprocal of a non-constant polynomial has poles, so it is not entire. Polynomials in \(\sin z\) and \(\cos z\) are entire but generally unbounded, since \(|\sin(iy)| = |\sinh y|\) grows without limit.

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