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Which constituent is the most variable in the lower atmosphere?

  • A.Water vapour
  • B.Nitrogen, whose concentration varies substantially between the tropics and the polar regions of the globe
  • C.Argon
  • D.Oxygen, whose concentration falls noticeably with altitude as the total pressure of the air decreases

Answer: A

Water vapour ranges from almost nothing over a cold desert to about 4 per cent by volume in the humid tropics, a variation no other constituent approaches. Its variability is what makes atmospheric thermodynamics interesting, since the phase changes carry enormous quantities of latent heat. Nitrogen, oxygen and argon keep constant proportions, and although all constituents thin with height their relative abundances do not change within the homosphere.

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