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Which quantity does the standard atmosphere specify?

  • A.The vertical distribution of water vapour and aerosol used in radiative transfer calculations by models
  • B.A reference profile of pressure temperature and density
  • C.The maximum values of pressure and temperature that may be encountered at any altitude above the surface
  • D.The observed profile on a given day

Answer: B

The International Standard Atmosphere defines a mean sea level pressure of 1013.25 hectopascals, a temperature of 288.15 kelvin and a lapse rate of 6.5 kelvin per kilometre to 11 kilometres. It is a reference for aircraft altimetry and instrument calibration rather than a description of any actual day. Humidity is specified as zero, so it says nothing about water vapour. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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