Discussion
Which one of the following gives the strongest evidence that the moon is derived from the earth.
Answer: C
The strongest evidence is that both have similar oxygen isotopic composition.
Different bodies of the solar system, such as Mars and the parent bodies of meteorites, have distinct ratios of the three oxygen isotopes, like a fingerprint. Lunar rocks lie on the same mass-fractionation line as terrestrial rocks, which shows that the Moon formed from material of the same reservoir as the Earth, as the giant-impact hypothesis requires.
Proximity says nothing about origin, since a captured body could be close too. Basaltic crusts are found on many rocky bodies, and the bulk SiO\(_{2}\) and MgO of the silicate Moon and Earth are only broadly alike, so these are much weaker evidence.
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