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Amongst the following, which mineral phase has highest condensation temperature ?

  • A.Enstatite
  • B.Magnetite
  • C.Corundum
  • D.Anorthite

Answer: C

Corundum has the highest condensation temperature of the four.

In equilibrium condensation calculations for a gas of solar composition, the first solids to appear are the refractory calcium-aluminium oxides and silicates. Corundum (Al2O3) condenses first, at roughly 1,700 K at the pressures assumed for the solar nebula, which is why such minerals are found in the calcium-aluminium-rich inclusions of chondrites.

Anorthite and the magnesium silicates such as forsterite and enstatite condense later, at lower temperatures of a few hundred kelvin less. Magnetite forms only at low temperature, by oxidation of metallic iron, near the end of the sequence.

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