Discussion
A town has population of 50,000 in 1988. In one year i.e. by 1989 it increased by 25%. Next year i.e. in 1990, it decreased by 30%. The next year in 1991 there was an increase of 40%. What is the population at end of 1991?
Answer: D
Apply each year's change as a multiplier in turn; a decrease multiplies by less than 1.
\[ 50000 \times 1.25 \times 0.70 \times 1.40 \]
\[ 1.25 \times 0.70 = 0.875, \qquad 0.875 \times 1.40 = 1.225 \]
\[ 50000 \times 1.225 = 61{,}250 \]
Adding the percentages (\( +25 - 30 + 40 = +35\% \)) would give 67,500. Successive percentage changes never simply add, because each acts on a different base.
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