Discussion
The earlier device consisting of rods was replaced because it failed .................... .
Answer: D
The key gives that the rod device failed to record the movements with a pen on paper.
The rods only showed, by whether and in which direction they fell, how strong the shock was and where it came from. The passage then states the next aim: to devise an instrument that could record with a pen on paper the movements of the ground or of the table, as the quake passed by. So the thing the rods could not do, and the reason a better design was sought, was to make a written record of the movements.
The other options describe things the rods did manage: if it were severe they all fell (so a severe quake was measured), if it were gentle the unstable ones fell (a gentle quake was measured), and the direction of fall recorded the direction of the quake.
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