Discussion
Assertion (A): Two constant theory requires considerably more calibration effort than single constant.
Reason (R): Two coefficients must be determined for each colourant rather than one.
Answer: B
Correct answer: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Both are true and the reason gives the mechanism. Single constant theory assumes the substrate provides the scattering and fits only \( K \) for each colourant, which suits transparent dyes on textiles. Two constant theory fits both \( K \) and \( S \), which is necessary for pigments that scatter as well as absorb - and doubles the calibration work.
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