Discussion
Which of these is a volatile memory?
Answer: B
Correct answer: RAM
RAM is volatile: it loses its contents the moment power is removed. It is used as working memory precisely because it is fast and freely writable, and its impermanence is the price of that. The other three are non-volatile and retain data without power. ROM is written once at manufacture; EPROM can be erased by ultraviolet light and reprogrammed; flash memory is electrically erasable and is what solid-state drives and memory cards are built from. RAM itself divides in two. SRAM stores each bit in a flip-flop, needs no refreshing, and is fast but expensive, so it is used for cache. DRAM stores each bit as a charge on a tiny capacitor, which leaks and must be refreshed thousands of times a second, but it is far denser and cheaper, so it is used for main memory. The name random access distinguishes both from sequential media such as tape, where access time depends on position.
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