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Which Boolean identity is known as the idempotent law?

  • A.\( A + A = A \)
  • B.\( A + \bar{A} = 1 \)
  • C.\( A + 0 = A \)
  • D.\( A + 1 = 1 \)

Answer: C

Correct answer: \( A + A = A \)

The idempotent law states that combining a variable with itself changes nothing: \[ A + A = A, \qquad A \cdot A = A. \] This is one of the clearest departures from ordinary arithmetic, where \( A + A = 2A \) and \( A \cdot A = A^{2} \). In a two-valued algebra there is no 2 and no square, so the operation simply returns the value unchanged. The other options are the remaining basic identities, each with its own name. \( A + \bar{A} = 1 \) is the complement law, with dual \( A \cdot \bar{A} = 0 \). \( A + 0 = A \) is the identity law, with dual \( A \cdot 1 = A \). And \( A + 1 = 1 \) is the null or annulment law, with dual \( A \cdot 0 = 0 \). Each pair is a dual of the other, obtained by exchanging AND with OR and 0 with 1 - a symmetry that runs through the whole of Boolean algebra and halves the amount to be memorised.

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