Discussion
Parity is used in data transmission to
Answer: C
Correct answer: detect single-bit errors
A parity bit is an extra bit appended to a group of data bits so that the total number of 1s is even, in even parity, or odd, in odd parity. The receiver recomputes it and compares. It detects a single-bit error but cannot correct it, because it shows that something is wrong without indicating which bit. And it fails entirely on an even number of errors, since two flipped bits leave the parity unchanged - which is its principal limitation. It is generated in hardware by a cascade of XOR gates, whose output is 1 exactly when the number of 1s is odd. Stronger schemes exist for more demanding work. Hamming codes use several parity bits over overlapping groups and can locate and correct a single-bit error. Cyclic redundancy checks detect burst errors far more reliably and are what network frames and storage media actually use. Parity survives in memory modules and serial links, where it is cheap and usually sufficient.
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