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The concept of childhood is

  • A.universally the same across different cultural contexts.
  • B.a social construction according to contemporary socio-constructivist theorists.
  • C.that children are born evil and have to be civilized.
  • D.that children begin with nothing at all and their characteristics are shaped entirely by environment.

Answer: B

The concept of childhood is a social construction according to contemporary socio-constructivist theorists.

Historians and sociologists such as Philippe Aries have shown that what childhood means, how long it lasts, what children are expected to do and how they are treated, varies across cultures and historical periods. Childhood is therefore understood as shaped by society, not fixed by biology alone.

Saying it is universally the same ignores this variation. 'Born evil and needing to be civilised' is the old doctrine of original sin, and 'beginning with nothing and shaped entirely by environment' is Locke's blank slate; both are historical views, not the contemporary understanding.

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