Discussion
The assumption that the plane sections before bending remains plane after bending is used in:-
Answer: C
The assumption is used in both working stress and limit state method of design.
The assumption that plane sections before bending remain plane after bending, which makes strain proportional to distance from the neutral axis, is one of the basic assumptions of IS 456 both for the working stress method (Annex B) and for the limit state method of design for flexure (clause 38.1).
Each of the other options names the older ultimate load method. The assumption holds there too, but the option that covers both methods of the current code, working stress and limit state, is the complete answer, and saying 'only' the ultimate method is plainly wrong.
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