Discussion
Confidence Building Measures (CBM) were first conceptualised in the wake of which of the following conflicts ?
Answer: D
CBMs were first conceptualised in the wake of the Cold War.
Confidence-building measures grew out of the East-West confrontation in Europe, where the danger was that a misread military exercise could set off war between the blocs. The CSCE's Helsinki Final Act of 1975 set out the first formal measures: advance notice of large manoeuvres and invitations to observers. Earlier steps such as the US-Soviet hotline of 1963 came from the same setting.
India and Pakistan, and India and China, later adopted CBMs of their own, but the concept was borrowed from the European Cold War experience, not born from those wars or from Vietnam.
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