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How is a ternary constraint converted to binary form?

  • A.By splitting it into three separate pairwise constraints
  • B.By deleting one of the three variables it involves
  • C.By ordering the three variables and constraining adjacent pairs
  • D.By introducing a new variable whose values are the allowed triples

Answer: D

The dual encoding creates a variable whose domain is the set of satisfying tuples and constrains it to agree with each original variable, which preserves the solutions exactly. Splitting into pairs loses information, deletion changes the problem, and ordering constrains too little. A transformation that is exact but expensive is worth knowing as a theoretical device even where a specialised propagator would be used instead.

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