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What is the dual encoding of a constraint problem?

  • A.Constraints become variables and shared variables become constraints
  • B.Variables become constraints and their domains become variables
  • C.The problem is stated with every constraint negated
  • D.Each variable is duplicated so that two copies must agree

Answer: A

In the dual, each original constraint becomes a variable whose domain is its satisfying tuples, and two such variables are constrained to agree wherever they share an original variable. It converts any problem to binary form at the cost of large domains. Negation and duplication describe different transformations. Two encodings of the same problem, with different propagation behaviour, is a choice that a modeller can exploit deliberately.

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