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What does a solver report when a problem has no solution?

  • A.The assignment violating the fewest constraints it encountered
  • B.The constraint responsible for the problem being insoluble
  • C.That the problem is unsatisfiable, having exhausted the space
  • D.That it could not find a solution within the time allowed

Answer: C

A complete solver that has explored the whole space, with propagation pruning the impossible, can assert unsatisfiability as a proved result rather than a failure to find anything. Timeouts, best efforts and explanations are all useful outputs but are different claims. Some systems can also produce a minimal unsatisfiable subset explaining why. Distinguishing a proof of absence from a failure to find is what makes a solver usable for verification rather than only for construction.

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