Discussion
Why does aerodynamic balance not reduce control effectiveness?
Answer: A
The two moments are taken about different points, and that is the whole of it. Balance rearranges the load either side of the hinge line, which changes the moment about the hinge while leaving the total force and its moment about the aeroplane's centre of gravity essentially as it was. The surface still deflects the same air by the same amount, so the pitching or rolling moment it delivers is nearly unchanged. Area is not removed; it is redistributed relative to the hinge. The effect operates at all deflections, although its magnitude varies with them, which is why the whole range must be checked for overbalance. And the hinge line moves aft only within the surface itself, by a fraction of the surface chord, which is far too small to matter to the arm from the centre of gravity.
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