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Which relationship connects entrainment rate to plume radius?

  • A.There is no relationship
  • B.The rate depends on the vertical velocity alone, being greatest for the plumes that are rising most rapidly
  • C.The rate is inversely proportional to the radius
  • D.The rate is directly proportional to the radius, so that wider plumes mix more rapidly than narrow ones do

Answer: C

The entraining plume model takes the fractional entrainment rate as inversely proportional to the radius, so a narrow plume dilutes rapidly while a broad one retains its properties much further. This is why small cumulus remain shallow while large ones grow deep. Convective parameterisation schemes use the same relationship to distinguish shallow from deep convection. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision.

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