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Which depth distinguishes shallow from deep convection?

  • A.Whether the cloud produces any precipitation at all, since shallow convection is unable to precipitate ever
  • B.Whether the cloud extends above the freezing level and glaciates
  • C.Whether the cloud base lies above or below one kilometre from the surface beneath the developing cloud
  • D.The horizontal width

Answer: B

Shallow convection is confined to the lower troposphere and remains warm, while deep convection penetrates the freezing level, glaciates and produces the ice processes that generate heavy precipitation and lightning. The distinction is fundamental to parameterisation, since the two are usually handled by separate schemes. Shallow cumulus over the ocean can produce drizzle, so the last option is not quite right. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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