Discussion
Seasonal variation means the variation occurring within :
Answer: B
Seasonal variation occurs within parts of a year.
In time-series analysis, seasonal variation is the regular, periodic movement that repeats within a year, month by month or quarter by quarter, because of weather, festivals and customs: higher sales of woollens in winter, of umbrellas in the monsoon, or air pollution rising each winter in north India.
Variation over a number of years is the secular trend or the cyclical component. Movements within a month are short-term fluctuations, not seasonal ones. 'All of the above' mixes these different components, so it is wrong.
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