Discussion
A stainless steel vessel is pitted although the rest of its surface is bright and unattacked. The likely cause is
Answer: D
Correct answer: chloride ions breaking down the passive film locally
Chloride penetrates the passive film at isolated weak points, and once a pit is initiated its interior becomes acidic and depleted in oxygen while the vast passive surface around it acts as the cathode. That area ratio is what makes pitting so dangerous: the surface looks sound, and a very small anode can perforate the wall.
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