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A metal sphere is given a charge. In equilibrium that charge resides

  • A.concentrated at the centre of the sphere
  • B.in a thin shell just beneath the outer surface
  • C.entirely on the outer surface
  • D.uniformly throughout the volume of the sphere

Answer: C

Mutual repulsion drives the charge as far apart as it can go, and Gauss's law confirms that a vanishing interior field requires no enclosed charge. On an irregular conductor it collects most densely where the curvature is greatest.

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