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The surface charge density on an irregular charged conductor is greatest

  • A.on the flattest part of the surface
  • B.uniformly over the whole surface whatever its shape
  • C.at the point furthest from the centre of gravity
  • D.where the surface curves most sharply

Answer: D

Correct answer: where the surface curves most sharply

Charge accumulates where the radius of curvature is smallest, since the mutual repulsion pushes it as far apart as the shape allows and a sharp region offers the greatest escape from its neighbours. The field just outside is \( \sigma/\epsilon_0 \), so the field is largest there too - which is why discharge begins at points and why a lightning conductor is pointed.

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