Discussion
In a 4-bit ripple counter, how many clock pulse are required for a complete counting cycle ?
Answer: C
A 4-bit ripple counter needs 16 clock pulses for a complete cycle.
An n-bit binary counter has \(2^{n}\) states. For n = 4 it counts 0000 to 1111, 0 to 15, which is 16 states, so 16 clock pulses take it through every state and back to 0000. Its modulus is 16.
4 is the number of flip-flops, not the number of states. 8 is the number of states of a 3-bit counter, and 2 that of a single flip-flop.
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