Discussion
The number of J-K flip flops required to design UP decade counter is:
Answer: D
A decade counter counts ten states, 0000 to 1001 (0 to 9), and then resets. The number of flip flops \(n\) must satisfy \(2^n \ge 10\).
\[ 2^3 = 8 \lt 10,\qquad 2^4 = 16 \ge 10 \]
So three flip flops give only 8 states, which is not enough, and four are needed. The counter is a mod 10 counter built with 4 JK flip flops and the extra states 1010 to 1111 are not used. The answer is 4, option D.
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