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Needing to assess the validity of assumed referential integrity constraints on foreign keys is a(n) ________ of normalization.

  • A.advantage
  • B.disadvantage
  • C.either an advantage or disadvantage
  • D.neither an advantage nor disadvantage

Answer: D

Correct answer: disadvantage

Normalization decomposes one relation into several linked by foreign keys, and every foreign key brings a referential integrity constraint that must be assessed and then enforced. That work would not exist without the decomposition, so it counts as a cost of normalizing - the second of the two standard disadvantages, alongside the more complicated SQL that the extra tables require.

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