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Determine the amount of voltage across resistance R3 for the given circuit.

Three resistors R1, R2 and R3 in series: R1 drops 60 V, R2 drops 60 V, R3 is marked with a question mark, and the supply is 200 V.

  • A.80 V
  • B.40 V
  • C.20 V
  • D.120 V

Answer: A

The resistors R1, R2 and R3 are in series across the 200 V supply, so the voltage drops add up to the supply voltage.

\[ V_{3} = 200 - 60 - 60 = 80\ \mathrm{V} \]

So the voltage across R3 is 80 V, option (A). The values 40 V, 20 V and 120 V would not add up with 60 V and 60 V to the 200 V of the supply. The same rule, that the voltage drops in a series circuit add up to the supply voltage, is Kirchhoff's voltage law. Here R1 and R2 each take 60 V, so together they take 120 V, and the 80 V left over must fall across R3. Since the current is the same in all three resistors, R3 has the largest resistance of the three, because its drop is the largest.

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