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A dc series motor must never be run at no load because

  • A.its armature current becomes excessive at no load and burns the windings
  • B.its flux rises without limit and saturates the magnetic circuit
  • C.it develops no back emf at all under no-load conditions
  • D.its speed rises dangerously as the flux collapses

Answer: D

Correct answer: its speed rises dangerously as the flux collapses

In a series machine the field carries the armature current, so at no load that current is small and the flux with it. From

\[ N \propto \frac{V - I_aR_a}{\Phi} \]

a vanishing flux means a runaway speed, and the machine can destroy itself by centrifugal force. This is why a series motor is always coupled directly to its load by gearing or a shaft, never by a belt that could break, and why it is never started uncoupled.

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