Discussion
The mean armature voltage of a step-down chopper of duty ratio \( D \) fed from \( V_s \) is
Answer: D
Correct answer: \( DV_s \)
The chopper connects the supply to the load for a fraction \( D \) of each period and disconnects it for the rest, so the mean voltage is
\[ V_a = DV_s \]Varying the duty ratio between 0 and 1 therefore gives any armature voltage from zero to the full supply, continuously and with very little loss - which is the whole advantage of chopper control over the resistance control it replaced.
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